Cyp3.1 Understanding Childs Development

Unit 022 Understand Child and Young Person Development.

Outcome 1 Understand the expected pattern of development for children and young people from birth-19 years.

AC1
The aspects of development are Physical, Cognitive, Communication, Social (including Emotional & Behavioural) and Moral. In explaining the sequence of development I have used guideline ages for when it is most common to see the development.
Physical Development
Birth – reflex actions performed without thinking – startle, grasp, swallowing & sucking, rooting, walking & standing.
1 month old – babies are less likely to be startled and start to sleep straight rather than in a curled up, foetal position.
3 months old – can turn and lift their heads.
6 months old – while lying on their tummy can lift their hands and feet into the air.
9 months old – using their fingers to pick up objects and finger food.
1 yr old – standing and holding onto furniture.
18 months old – using their legs to move around an area. Sitting on a sit-and-ride toy and using their legs to push them along.
2 yrs old – running and climbing.
30 months – pedalling a tricycle or push with feet.
3 yrs old – walking upstairs using alternate feet.
4 yrs old – using their hands and fingers to manipulate objects and carry out activities. E.g. using scissors, holding a pencil.
5-6 yrs – the ability to kick and control a ball. Handwriting is more legible and the child has increased fine manipulative movements.
7-9 yrs – drawing and writing is neater, accurate cutting out.
9-11 yrs – greater co-ordination and speed when carrying out both big and small movements.
11-13 yrs – growth and changes to the body (puberty).
13-19 yrs – occasional poor spatial awareness as a result of body shape changing rapidly.
Cognitive Development
Birth – recognise the small and sound of their primary carer (mum).
1 month old – babies cry because they hear a familiar voice.
3 months old – start to notice moving objects.
6-9 months old – toys and objects picked up and explored using mouth and fingers.
1 yr old – recognise patterns and routines in the day.
18 months old – enjoyment of pop-up and posting toys.
2 yrs old – using building bricks and simple jigsaws.
30 months old – pretend play / home corner / dressing up.
3 yrs old – interested in painting, books and mark making.
4 yrs old – has a good concentration when an activity has interested them.
5-6 yrs – counting and simple calculations.
7-9 yrs – reading books quietly to themselves.
9-11 yrs – problem solving.
11-13 yrs – reasoning as well as problem solving. Understanding more abstract ideas.
13-19 yrs – High level of skills (writing, reading, I.T.).
Communication Development
Birth – Crying when hungry, tired or distressed.
1 month old – contented cooing.
3 months old – smiling back at a happy face.
6 months old – Arms lifting to show they want to be picked up.
9 months old – Tuneful babbling.
1 yr old – pointing at objects to explain what they need.
18 months old – some recognisable words.
2 yrs old – vocabulary of about 200 words.
30 months old – using 2-word compounds, ‘drink-yes’.
3 yrs old – speech easily understood.
4 yrs old – asking questions and enjoying talking.
5-6 yrs – starting to decode / read familiar words.
7-9 yrs – telling jokes and enjoying chatting. Using speech to argue, persuade and negotiate.
9-11 yrs – imaginative stories that are legible and spelt correctly.
11-13 yrs – good reading and writing skills, continued progress with negotiating / persuading skills.
13-19 yrs – use of technology to communicate.
Social, Emotional and Behavioural Birth – close contact between mother and baby, especially during feeding.
1 month old – little smiles when asleep.
3 months old – enjoyment at bath time.
6 months old – smiles of delight when playing.
9 months old – clingy to their primary carer.
1 yr old – the need to stay near parents / carers with anxiety if strangers approach.
18 months – signs of temper and frustration. Interest in other children.
2 yrs old – anger and frustration when unable to do something. Playing beside but not with other children (parallel play).
30 months old – temper tantrums. Playing with other children, copying their actions.
3 yrs old – interest in other children and some co-operative play.
4 yrs old – responding well to adult praise and co-operative play with occasional squabbles.
5-6 yrs – start of friendship preferences.
7-9 yrs – stable friendships. Differences in girls and boys activities and play.
9-11 yrs - as with 7-9 yrs, and also enthusiasm when given areas of responsibility.
11-13 yrs – strong attachment to friends. Anxiety about pressure at school. Exploring boundaries in relationships, e.g. arguing with parents.
13-19 yrs – confidence and enjoyment when with friends. Behaviour linked to low self esteem.
Moral
Up to 30 months – no understanding of right and wrong and the word ‘no’.
3 yrs old – can follow simple rules most of the time.
4 yrs old – thoughtful towards others at times, still need adult approval.
5-6 yrs – keen to understand and use rules.
7-9 yrs – bossy behaviour – telling others the rules, tale telling when others break rules.
9-11 yrs – awareness of consequences.
11-13 yrs – understanding that society needs rules.
13-19 yrs – understanding right and wrong and consequences of actions. Interest in moral issues.