Preview

Opinions and Social Pressure

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
418 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Opinions and Social Pressure
“Opinions and Social Pressure”
By Solomon Asch “Opinions and Social Pressure” written by Solomon E. Asch is a journal article reporting Solomon Asch’s experiment on “How, and to what extent, do social forces constrain people’s opinions and attitudes?” (Asch, 20)

Although conformity is inevitable, is there a possibility of indifference because of personality, education and social pressures? “Social influences shape every person’s practices, judgments and beliefs are a truism to which anyone will readily assent.” (Asch, 20) Solomon Asch’s experiments in the 1950’s set a line up for how people in the real life make decisions based on facts. In the journal article, Solomon Asch presented many facts, which create truth to his thesis “How, and to what extent, do social forces constrain people’s opinions and attitudes?” Experiments were conducted to prove Asch’s theory of the way each person makes a decision and why. The experiments are as follows “A group of seven to nine young men, all college students, are assembled in a classroom for a "psychological experiment" in visual judgment. The experimenter informs them that they will be comparing the lengths of lines.” (Asch, 19) The experiments conclude that the test subjects are usually convinced due to the unanimous group of decision makers. As the experiments begin everyone agrees unanimously. In the middle of the experiments, the answers from the test subjects start to change. This begins with the experiments and the test subjects all agreeing and as the experiment goes into the second phase of asking the question they are being asked to answer the test subjects have a second look and at least one test subject disagrees. Towards the end of the experiments, while reading Solomon Asch’s “Opinions and Social Pressures”, “…this study provides clear answers to a few relatively simple questions…” (Asch, 25) Each person has degrees to which they will conform.

In conclusion, Solomon Asch’s found there were vast

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    One strength of this theory is that it has research to support it from Asch's 1951 study into conformity. The interviews that were taken after the experiment had finished, stated that there were two main reasons that the participants conformed. The first reason was that they didn't want to be ridiculed by the rest of the group from differing in opinions. They wanted to fit in so went along with the majority group, typical of normative social influence. The second reason was that they honestly thought that the rest of the group knew better than them and that their own judgements were incorrect, typical of informational social influence.…

    • 348 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Asch carried out an experiment in 1951 to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform. Asch used a lab experiment, where 50 male students from a college in the USA participated in a ‘vision test’. Using a line judgement test, one of the more naïve participants was put in a room with 7 confederates. The confederates had agreed in advance what their responses would be involving the line task. The real participant didn’t know this, and was led to believe that the other 7 people were participants just like themselves. Each person in the room had to say clearly which comparison line was most alike the target line. The answer was made obvious. The real participant sat at the back of the room and gave their answer last. There were roughly 18 trials in total and the confederates gave the wrong answer on 12 trials. Asch was interested to see if the real participant would conform to the majority view, the experiment also had a controlled condition where there were no confederates. It was found that 32% of the participants who were placed in this situation conformed to the earlier incorrect responses. Over the 12 trials about 75% of participant’s conformed at least once and 25% never conformed. In the control group, with no pressure to conform, less than 1% of participants gave the wrong answer. It was therefore concluded that people either conform due to the fact that they want to fit in or because they believe that the group is better informed than they are. This study is criticised in that it is a biased sample as the participants were all male, all belonged to the same college and were all the same age. With this in mind and the fact that the sample size was small suggests that the data collected isn’t representative of the target population, as it cannot be generalised to female groups for example. Another issue is that the experiment is artificial meaning that it lacks or has very low ecological validity and…

    • 712 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    In “Opinions and Social Pressure” by Solomon E. Asch, he claims that under group pressure, a subject 75% out of 123 participants agreed with the majority of the group. Asch demonstrated an experiment of 8 college student males for a psychological experiment on comparing the length of lines. He orchestrated everyone except 1 person to purposely answer the questions incorrectly, to see if that 1 person would continue independently with the correct answer or agree with the majority of the group. At the conclusion of Asch’s experiment, he was left wondering why do individuals conform to what their peers express instead of standing firm. Asch’s main idea of individuals converting their answers to a groups answers based on either the subjects believed…

    • 382 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    There are two major studies in which we can look, at these are Asch and Zimbardo. Asked our student volunteers to take part in the vision test, all but one of the volunteers were colleagues of the experimenter. the volunteers were shown 3 lines the free lines were all different sizes and there was a fourth line which was the same size as one of the 3 lines. All the volunteers had to do was to say Which line was the same size as the separate fourth line. Altogether there were 123 American undergraduates being tested. Asch showed a series of lines to participants seated around a table, participants always answered in the same order. The colleagues were instructed to give the same incorrect answer on 12 of the 18 trials. On 12 critical trials 36.8% of the participants got the answer incorrect in other words they conformed with the majority. A quarter of the participants did not conform on any of the trials. Although people did conform the size of the group depended on how many people conform e.g. if there was a large group and they all said the wrong answers the participant will become suspicious and not conform. Also the participants profession could make a difference on whether they conform e.g. a maths teacher will realise that the size of the line is the same as they work with this sort of thing every day. When the difference between the sizes of the lines decreased, making it harder to distinguish the difference between the lines, the level of conformity increased. this study was only conducted on American men during a period of time when people were scared to be different. another weakness is that only one third of participants conformed the other participants stuck and gave the right answer or the answer they thought was right The next study is Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment. To conduct this experiment a mock correctional facility was constructed in the basement of Stanford University, an advert was…

    • 780 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    Solomon Asch was a social psychologist way back in the 1950s, which is even before my parents were born. Asch conducted a famous experiment on the effects of peer pressure on a person. What he found was that a person had a “tendency to conform, even it means to go against the person’s basic perceptions”. The web page also said that people “are swayed by the masses against our deepest feelings and convictions”. 1 These experiments that Asch created developed the theory of conformism, which says that a person will go along with the group, especially in a crisis.…

    • 2386 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    The conformity in to society by everyone’s choices is engraved in the mind to fit in and to not disturb the status quo, such as clothing styles, behaviors, and personality traits are categorized into “cliques”. Within “Opinions and Social Pressure”, it is seen that against the better judgment of the subject, he/she still went along the popular consensus choosing the incorrect answer (Asch 144). Knowing this, it allows for us to conclude that peer pressure is shown to be more convincing than we can resist despite our best…

    • 995 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Every decision made, will affect us, wether it’s in a negative or positive way. Everyone at some point in their lives will experience some form of peer pressure. Peer pressure is a very influential when we are making decisions. Peer pressure encourages other people to change the way they are or values to please those who are influencing us, which can be a group or an individual. In comparing and contrasting the essays “Shooting an Elephant” by George Orwell and “Group Minds” by Doris Lessing, the authors share homogeneous arguments, revealing the tendency for individuals to choose to comply to the majority of peoples beliefs against their own will. However,…

    • 1001 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    student

    • 540 Words
    • 2 Pages

    In “Opinions and Social Pressure” Solomon Asch argues that although there are instances where people will choose to be independent in their opinions, many choose to conform to the majority for the purpose of avoiding insecurity faced by social pressure.…

    • 540 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    In “Opinions and Social Pressure,” social psychologist, Solomon Asch, concludes his findings of numerous experiments conducted to reveal the impact of peer pressure among the individual. His experiments consisted of seven to nine college students; one who was the focal subject of the experiment and the rest who were members of the group instructed to answer accordingly. After many trials and the introduction of different variables, Asch finds that a person who is presented with a partner in his independency, has a higher chance not to conform to the majority. Asch concludes, “With [the partners] support the subject usually resisted pressure from the majority: 18 of 27 subjects were completely independent. But after six trials the partner joined the majority. As soon as he did so, there was an abrupt rise in the subject’s errors” (Asch 181). The subjects do not conform once a partner resists conformity as well, however, as soon as their partner joins the majority, then they begin to join also. Author, Catherine Sanderson, provides reasoning as to why the subject conforms as soon as his partner does. In her book, “Social Psychology,” she presents strategies for resisting obedience. Sanderson claims, “People who are aware of the situational pressures that lead people to obey authorities are more likely to stand up to…

    • 1780 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Research into Conformity

    • 771 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Research into conformity includes Sherif’s study conducted in 1935. The aims of his study were to study how people were influences by other people’s opinion, in their perception of the autokinetic effect. The Participants were seated in a dark room. Fifteen feet in front of the participants was a pinpoint of light that appears. Participants have to guess how far it moves. The dot doesn’t actually move but due to autokinetic effects, very small movements of the eyes make the light seem to move. Each participant developed their own personal answer, which varied considerably between individuals. Then the next day, three participants re-did the experiment, with two other participants that gave very different answers, to see if hearing other people’s answer would affect their answers. For example if a participant said it moved 6 inches when he was on his own. However when two other participants that said much less joined him, he says it moves much less than the day before. The first participants original response changes when in company of other people, this showing social influence. The…

    • 771 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Asch’s conformity study made participants tell differences in length of lines when the majority answered incorrectly. These people did not receive any explanation why the majority disagreed and it dealt with an issue that was unimportant. Confusion would have been an issue and it is “hard to act independently when things don’t make sense”. People actively construe and act in response to their subjective interpretation of the experience. It is imperative to imagine oneself in the experiment to understand why someone would not have spoken up.…

    • 1593 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Asch Conformity

    • 1351 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Imagine the following situation: you are in a classroom and the teacher has asked the class a question. You have got one answer to the question, but you see majority of the students raising their hands for a different answer to the same question. What would you do? Would you go along with your own answer or would you change your mind and go along with the majority thinking that if majority of the people have the same answer then the answer must be correct? Most of the people would change their minds and follow the majority. In psychology, conformity is defined as the tendency to change our perceptions, opinions, or behavior in ways that are consistent with group norms (Brehm, Kassin, and, Fein 213), also simply known as “following the crowd”.…

    • 1351 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    “Many forms of social conformity exist but a correct definition would realize it as a phenomenon that occurs when an individual’s values, beliefs, behaviors, and attitude are influenced by either one person (minority influence), or by a group of people (majority influence) who establish norms” (Sadat, 2011, p. 2). During conformity people change the way they behave in response to social pressures. Whether it has been consciously or unconsciously, by accepting the dominant culture’s expectation, one has conformed. What people say and how they behave are vastly influenced by others (Sadat, 2011).…

    • 1515 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    One hundred and twenty three male college students were involved in the study. Participants were shown a series of lines, a ‘standard’ line and several other lines in which they would match to the standard line. Their answers were announced one by one in seated order. All participants were told to answer unanimously before the trials began, except for one person out of the group. That one person was the focus of the study, seated at the end of the seating arrangement. His answers gave insights to the effective role social pressure plays on people’s decisions (178). During the trials, 36.8 percent of the participants sided with the unanimous incorrect answers given by the group. Another trial of the study showed, when given at least two people who answered incorrectly, it drastically swayed the opinion of the chosen individual, causing the individual to answer incorrectly by 13.6 percent. Given at least three people who answered incorrectly, the percentage jumped to 31.8 percent, however, anymore than three people would cause the effects of social pressure to remain fairly consistent (180). Solomon Asch also conducted an experiment where no subjects were told of the researchers…

    • 610 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Why Do People Conform?

    • 1372 Words
    • 6 Pages

    The causes of conformity among individuals have long been debated and researched in recent decades. It is for this reason that conformity is an intriguing psychological concept. It causes sound-minded individuals to go against their best judgement, to engage in behaviour which they usually would not engage in, even accept and welcome an idea they internally disagree with, all in order to not be a deviant from the group. It is thus interesting to look at the factors which cause people to conform, to do what they see others doing, to rely on the judgements of the group, and to ignore their own senses and perceptions. It is the reasons for the individual's desire to conform that I will be discussing in this paper.…

    • 1372 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays