What is bone’s Extracellular matrix made up of? 13. What is calcification? 14. What is ossification? 15.…
Bones grow in three stages during life. The bone starts growing in the embryo at around 8 weeks. Ossification is the word for the formation of bone. There are osteoblasts that help form the bone and osteoclasts that eat away at old bone. Bones start off as cartilage, but then is replaced by bone. Connective tissue forms a sheet where the bones are going to be. These connective tissue sheets are highly invested with blood vessels. Some of the cells in the connective tissue sheets differentiate into osteoblasts. These osteoblasts begin laying down the bone extracellular matrix, called spongy bone. These osteoblasts get trapped within the hard matrix and are then called osteocytes. As time goes more and more osteoblasts form from the connective tissue sheets. The connective tissue sheets, as they become major producers of osteocytes, are no longer called connective tissue sheets. They are now called the bone's periosteum. But the newer osteoblasts made by the periosteum cannot enter the spongy bone. So, they begin to accumulate on the edges of the spongy…
6 Bones and Skeletal • Human skeleton is initially made up of cartilages and fibrous membranes as early supports – These are replaced by bone as we grow – The cartilages found in adults are in places where flexible skeletal tissue is needed Skeletal Cartilages • Contain no _______ ________ or ______, and consist mainly of water • Dense irregular connective tissue girdle of perichondrium (around the cartilage) contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery to cartilage – Nutrients diffuse through the matrix to reach the cartilage cells Skeletal Cartilages 1. Hyaline cartilages – Provide: support, flexibility, and resilience – Most abundant type – 1. Articular cartilages- covers the ends of bones and moveable joints – 2. Costal cartilages – 3. Respiratory cartilages- form the skeleton of the larynx – 4.…
A normal joint meets the point of two bones to permit movement. Cartilage is made up of protein that covers the end of bones and aids in protecting the bones and operates as a shock absorber and allows the bones to move effortlessly. Synovial fluid is inside the joint which lubricates the joint and keeps it functioning efficiently.…
Anatomy of a Long Bone. The shaft, or the main portion of the bone, is called the diaphysis. The diaphysis has a large medullary cavity, whose walls are composed of compact bone. The medullary cavity is lined with a thin membrane called the endosteum and is filled with yellow bone marrow. The enlarged ends of a long bone are called the epiphyses. The epiphyses are composed largely of spongy bone that contains the red bone marrow. The epiphyses are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage in the joints. Areas of the bone other than at the joints are covered with a layer of fibrous connective tissue called the periosteum.…
Cartilage - Between the bones is another shiny white material that is slippery. This is cartilage, which helps the bones move without grinding against one another, or without causing trauma.…
Bone is a specialised, strong, flexible connective tissue and is the main component of the adult skeleton. Unlike hyaline and fibrocartilage, bone is supplied with nerves and blood vessels. Epiphyseal veins carry the blood away from the long bones of the body and periosteal arteries, which are also accompanied by nerves, carry blood to the bones. It provides support and gives the structural framework to the body, it acts as a protective cover for internal organs such as the heart, brain and lungs, it provides sites of attachment for muscles, it stores minerals such as calcium and phosphate and it contains cavities where bone marrow produces blood cells. Bone is made up of two main components, cells and the bone matrix. There are four different types of cells in the bone; osteogenic, osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts of which…
They support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue. Bones come in a variety of shapes and have a complex internal and external structure, are lightweight yet strong and hard, and serve multiple functions. One of the types of tissue that makes up bone is the mineralized osseous tissue, also called bone tissue that gives it rigidity and a coral-like three-dimensional internal structure. Other types of tissue found in bones include marrow, endosteum, periosteum, nerves, blood vessels and cartilage.Compact (cortical) boneThe hard outer layer of bones is composed of compact bone tissue, so-called due to its minimal gaps and spaces. Its porosity is 5–30%.[6] This tissue gives bones their smooth, white, and solid appearance, and accounts for 80% of the total bone mass of an adult skeleton. Compact bone may also be referred to as dense bone.Trabecular (cancellous) boneFilling the interior of the bone is the trabecular bone tissue (an open cell porous network also called cancellous or spongy bone), which is composed of a network of rod- and plate-like elements that make the overall organ lighter and allow room for blood vessels and marrow. Trabecular bone accounts for the remaining 20% of total bone mass but has nearly ten…
epiphyseal plate: located in the metaphysis, composed of hyaline cartilage, is the growth plate; articular cartilage: covers the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation with another bone, composed of hyaline cartilage, reduces fiction and absorbs shock at freely movable joints; periosteum: surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage, is a sheath of dense irregular connective tissue containing osteoblasts, functions to protect the bone, assists in fracture repair, nourishes bone tissue, and serve as an attachment point for ligaments and tendons…
Bone – formed from calcium salts deposited around proteins. Calcium salts are rigid, protein fibres provide elasticity and strength Areolar – contains cells called fibroblasts separated by non-living matrix. Collagen fibres for flexibility, elastic fibres for stretching. Found in skin, most internal organs (for expansion), muscles/blood vessels/nerves for protection. Adipose – large fibroblasts to store fat.…
* the periocoi were considered an integral part of the Spartan society. It could not run without them nor without their consent.…
Our bones give us our distinct body shape along with supporting and protecting our organs and systems. The bones that make up our skeletons are all very much alive, growing and changing all the time like other parts of our body. Even though our bones are alive and growing, our bones can be very fragile and that is why we must take care of our bodies.…
The composition of bone mostly consist of inorganic material and collagen fibers. The macroscopic structures of bone is Compact bone, Cancellous bone, Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Periosteum, Red bone marrow, yellow bone marrow, and the articular cartilage (Doitpoms.com). Collagen is a triple helix structured protein that is the most prominent protein in the skeletal system. Bones consist of two distinct types of bone tissue such as cancellous and cortical bone. Cancellous bone is also known as spongy bone and is located at the ends of long bones with a honeycomb like internal structure. Compact bone is the shaft of the bone and has is very dense layer that surrounds the bone marrow cavity. Compact bone is considered the strongest part of the bone while cancellous bone is the weakest part of the bone.…
Bone is constantly remodeled in response to microtrauma. This remodeling occurs discretely in the skeleton and bone resorption is always followed by bone formation, a phenomenon called coupling. Architecturally, cortical bone differs from spongy trabecular bone, but their molecular compositions are similar. They both have an extracellular matrix with mineralized and nonmineralized components. Mechanical properties of a bone are mainly directed by the constitution and architecture of the extracellular matrix. Collagen and minerals play a great role on bone strength (Rossouw et al, 2002).…
Purpose: To find and pair six different muscles in the chicken wing, in order to observe and understand the details of how muscles are involved in movement.…