Solutions to Valuation Questions
Solutions to Valuation Questions 1. Assume you expect a company’s net income to remain stable at $1,100 for all future years, and you expect all earnings to be distributed to stockholders at the end of each year, so that common equity also remains stable for all future years (assumes clean surplus). Also, assume the company’s β = 1.5, the market risk premium is 4% and the 20-30 year yield on risk free treasury bonds is 5%. Finally, assume the company has 1,000 shares of common stock outstanding. a. Use the CAPM to estimate the company’s equity cost of capital. • re = RF + β * (RM – RF) = 0.05 + 1.5 * 0.04 = 11% b. Compute the expected net distributions to stockholders for each future year. • D = NI – ΔCE = $1,100 – 0 = $1,100 c. Use the dividend discount (i.e., free cash flow to equity investors) valuation model to estimate the company’s current stock price. • Pe = D / re = $1,100 / 0.11 = $10,000 • price per share = $10,000 / 1,000 = $10 2. Same facts as in (1) above, but assume you expect the company’s income to be $1,100 in the coming year and to grow at the rate of 5% in every subsequent year into infinity. Also, assume that the company’s common equity as of the end of the most recent fiscal year is $8,000, and the investment needed to support the growth in net income causes common equity to increase by 5% each year. Assume the company is an all-equity firm; i.e., all financing comes from stockholders and none comes for debtholders. In this case, the company’s balance sheet has net operating assets (NOA) of $8,000, common equity (CE) of $8,000, and zero net financial obligations (NFO). a. Compute D1 for the coming year and the rate of growth in Dt for every year thereafter. • D1 = NI1 – ΔCE1 = 1,100 – 0.05 * 8,000 = 700 • D2 = NI2 – ΔCE2 = (1,100 * 1.05) – 0.05 * (1.05 * 8,000) = 1.05 * (1,100 – 0.05 * 8,000) = 735 = 700 * (1 + 0.05) • D3 = NI3 – ΔCE3 = (1,100 * 1.052) – 0.05 * (1.052 * 8,000) = 771.75 = 735 * (1 + 1.05) • so D is 700 in year 1 and grows at 5%