notes that in every country that has TV‚ it has generated social concern‚ making the public blame the media for any rise in aggressive behaviour in young people. Huesmann and Moise (1996) give five ways that exposure to media violence may lead to aggression. One of these five ways is observational learning and imitation which is linked to the social learning theory that Bandura put forward. Huesmann suggests that children will observe the behaviour of certain role models they may identify with within
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Outline and evaluate the relationship between sexual selection and human reproductive behaviour (8+16 marks) Evolutionary theory states that all animals are motivated by the desire to ensure that their genes make it into the gene pool of the next generation. Natural selection is the tendency of individuals best adapted to their environment to survive and pass on their genes. Sexual selection is the probability of passing on our genes depends partly on any chances of survival but also on ability
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Outline and evaluate two models of abnormality (12 marks) The essence of a psychodynamic approach is to explain behaviour in terms of its dynamics – i.e. the forces that drive it. The best known example of this approach is Freud. Freud believed that the origins of mental disorder lie in the unresolved conflicts or childhoods which are unconscious. Medical illnesses are not the outcome of physical disorders but of these psychological conflicts. Conflicts between the id‚ ego‚ and superego create
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Describe the evolutionary explanation of gender development Evolutionary psychology is based on the ideas that our behaviour is influenced by our instincts left over from our evolutionary past. These behaviours were adaptive to increase the chances of survival and reproduction. Natural selection is the idea that the individual who is best adapted to the environment will survive and pass on their genes. Sexual selection is the idea that species have developed specific behaviours and physical
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Outline and Evaluate one or more explanations of why people obey It has been found by Milgram that people obey for four main reasons these are; legitimate authority‚ the momentum of compliance‚ the agentic shift and passivity. The first reason that Milgram found that people obey is because people feel like they have to obey someone if they have a high social status or a highly respected job‚ this is called legitimate authority. Bickman (1974) supported this theory by doing an experiment on the
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Essay: a) Outline explanations of group display in humans (15 marks) b) Criticially evaluate one or more of your explanations of group display in humans (10 marks) Part A Group display of aggression (behaviour with intent to harm) in ancestors has been seen as an adaptive response‚ promoting inter-group harmony and mutual defence. Lynch mobs have been explained by social transition and the need for conformity‚ for example‚ Myrdal (1944) found that black lynchings in the USA were due to fear
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Describe and evaluate two treatments for unipolar depression (25 marks). It has been believed that psychological disorders‚ like physical illnesses‚ have organic causes. Therefore‚ mental disorders are treated just like physical ones. Earlier treatments have included things like trepanning which was carried out in the stone again. Nowadays we have much safer and effective treatments such as therapies and drug treatment. Low levels of both noradrenaline (nora) and serotonin (sero) have been
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Outline and evaluate research into types of attachment. Ainsworth conducted a study to observe types of attachment behaviours with occur between a mother and a child. She used observation to witness these behaviours. By placing the child in a set up play room with one way glass allowed natural behaviour to be observed without interference from the psychologist. Ainsworth used several situations including a mother a child and a stranger. Firstly the mother and the child entered the room‚ the child
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Outline and evaluate research into the effects of failure to form attachment (privation). Students are likely to describe cases of isolated children such as the Czech twins or Genie. Relevant studies of institutional care include Hodges and Tizard‟s longitudinal study of 65. British children from early life to adolescence and Rutter‟s study of Romanian orphans adopted by British families. Earlier research such as Skodak & Skeels or Spitz & Wolf may also be cited. Animal research‚ such as that of
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Outline and evaluate psychological therapies as treatments of Sz. (24 marks) There are many psychological therapies used in the treatment of Sz. The use of drugs is common form of therapy however‚ it is thought treatment is more effective when used in conjunction with but psychological therapies which can help people develop the skills and the confidence to live normally in the community. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is the main psychological treatment of Schizophrenia (Sz). CBT is based
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