Chapter 9 Thinking and Intelligence Elements of cognition Concept Mental category that groups objects‚ relations‚ activities‚ abstractions‚ or qualities having common properties Basic concepts have a moderate number of instances and are easier to acquire. Prototype is an especially representative example. Proposition A meaningful unit‚ built of concepts‚ expressing a single idea Schema An integrated mental network of knowledge‚ beliefs‚ and expectations concerning a particular topic
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influential in the early development of the field.[2] Organizational psychology gained prominence after World War II‚ influenced by the Hawthorne studies and the work of researchers such as Kurt Lewin and Muzafer Sherif. Research methods See also: psychometrics and statistics As described above‚ I–O psychologists are trained in the scientist–practitioner model. I–O psychologists rely on a variety of methods to conduct organizational research. Study designs employed by I–O psychologists include surveys
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familiar linguistic‚ logical-mathematical‚ and spatial abilities. (Critics of the theory argue‚ however‚ that some of these are more appropriately described as special talents than as forms of "intelligence.") In Gardner ’s view‚ the scope of psychometric tests includes only linguistic‚ logical‚ and some aspects of spatial intelligence; other forms have been almost entirely ignored. Even in the domains on which they are ostensibly focused‚ the paper-and-pencil format of most tests rules out
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classroom‚ school and/or district levels (Benchmark‚). There are four different types of benchmark assessments standards based assessment‚ assessments to inform instruction‚ multiple assessment of standards mastery‚ risk assessment‚ benchmark psychometrics. Standard Based Assessments are a locally customized‚ district-wide assessment designed to measure the achievement of standards. The first step in
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The invention of the IQ test by Alfred Binet in 1905 appeared to ignite quite a frenzy over human heredity. Current research confers pivotal points of initial usage of psychometrics as a specialty and the historical prelude of the Binet-Simon assessment (pioneer to all other IQ test) to resolve the enquiry of how aptitude evolved into a “psychological object” (Nicholas‚ Andrieu‚ Croizet‚ Santioso & Burman‚ 2013). Commissioned by the French government‚ his organization known as Société libre de l’étude
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Running head: INTELLIGENCE TESTING ARTICLE ANALYSIS 1 INTELLIGENCE TESTING ARTICLE ANALYSIS � PAGE * MERGEFORMAT �5� Intelligence Testing Article Analysis PSY450/Diversity and Cultural Factors in Psychology Intelligence Testing Article Analysis Intelligence tests are believed to measure intelligence‚ IQ‚ and converted into a numeric score. IQ is the cognitive processes‚ knowledge to solve problems‚ and reach goals (Shiraev & Levy‚ 2010). Intelligence varies with each culture as well. The bell
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Table 1 Review of Literature Author/ Date Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework Research Question(s)/ Hypotheses Methodology Analysis & Results Conclusions Implications for Future research Implications For practice James “Mick” Andzulis‚ Nikolaos G. Panagopoulos‚ and Adam Rapp (2012) Analogy between the rise of internet usage in the sales force and the advent of social media is presented and discussed. What determines who “owns” social media within an organization? Social
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Reverse-scoring negatively-keyed items If a questionnaire includes positively-keyed and negatively-keyed items‚ then the negatively-keyed items must be “reverse-scored” before computing individuals’ total scores and before conducting many psychometric analyses (e.g.‚ reliability analysis). We do this so that high scores on the
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Please find a report of my findings. BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS Client: X Y Date of Birth: 16 August 1993 Date of Assessment: 9 January 2012 Age at time of Assessment: 18 years 4 months REASON FOR REFERRAL X was referred by her parents for a psychometric evaluation of her scholastic ability. X attended Gelvandale High School until December 2011. At the time of this report X had not returned to school. X began schooling at age 5 at Gelvandale Primary School. She completed her primary schooling
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new measurement instruments.’ The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the validity of intelligence and general knowledge measurement instruments and therefore assess the extent to which these measures are an effective and accurate psychometric indication of one’s intelligence and general knowledge abilities. Arguably‚ the ability of researchers to accurately measure intellectual abilities is somewhat limited as‚ although a general perspective may be put forward‚ there is also two main
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