AP Bio DNA‚ RNA‚ Protein synthesis Study Guide DNA Structure Nucleotide structure - sugar‚ phosphate group‚ base backbone structure - alternating sugar and phosphate group directionality (5’-3’) - DNA is anti parallel. The side that sticks out s the 5’ side bases - adenine = thymine & guanine=cytosine purines vs Pyrimidines - purines have two rings while pyrimidines have one ring Bonding - hydrogen bonds Base Pairing rules - look at bases ^^ DNA Replication Semi-conservative replication
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One Health- Exam One 1. A) Why is the One Health paradigm important? The One Health initiative is a change in basic assumptions that focuses on surveillance of the environment‚ animals‚ and humans to predict occurrence of an outbreak before it happens. This is important in improving the health of communities because preventative measures will be used and it also makes people aware of what could happen if preventative measures were not taken. Scientists and doctors worldwide collaborate to develop
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Chapter 4: Nucleic Acids and the RNA World 1. 4.1 – What is a Nucleic Acid? * Nucleic acids are made up of monomers called nucleotides * Three components of a nucleotide: 1. Phosphate group—attached to the 5’ carbon 2. Sugar – carbonyl group and several hydroxyl groups 3. Nitrogenous base * The prime (‘) symbols indicate the carbon being is part of the sugar—not attached to the nitrogenous base. * Four different nucleotides‚ each of which contains a different nitrogenous
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Chapter 18 The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Lecture Outline Overview: Microbial Model Systems Viruses and bacteria are the simplest biological systems—microbial models in which scientists find life’s fundamental molecular mechanisms in their most basic‚ accessible forms. Molecular biology was born in the laboratories of microbiologists studying viruses and bacteria. Microbes such as E. coli and its viruses are called model systems because of their use in studies that reveal broad biological
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Viroids are plant pathogens that consist of a short stretch (a few hundred nucleobases) of highly complementary‚ circular‚ single-stranded RNA without the protein coat that is typical for viruses.[1] The smallest discovered is a 220 nucleobase scRNA (small cytoplasmic RNA) associated with the rice yellow mottle sobemovirus (RYMV).[2] In comparison‚ the genome of the smallest known viruses capable of causing an infection by themselves are around 2kilobases in size. The human pathogen hepatitis D is
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Section 10-2 VOCABULARY REVIEW 1. mRNA carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell. 2. tRNA is a chain of RNA nucleotides that are folded into a hairpin shape and can bind to a specific amino acid. 3. Transcription is the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA. 4. A promoter is a region of DNA that marks the beginning of the DNA chain that is to be transcribed. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. c 2. d
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The Earth has a plethora of organisms that live and reproduce all throughout its surface. Depending on what kind of organism‚ they go through some processes that others life-forms do not need to do. However‚ the molecules DNA and RNA‚ which are found in all living creatures‚ work together in a certain process that is crucial to existence: the formation of proteins. Although all species differ from each other in various ways‚ the processes by which proteins are synthesized are the same in all.
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Macromolecules and Lipids Topic 1 Biological Molecules (Part 4) Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick © 2015 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Learning Outcome a) Describe structure and composition of nucleic acids‚ DNA and RNA. b) Discuss the importance of base pairing and hydrogen bonding. ©© 2015 Pearson Education Ltd 2011 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Concept 5.5: Nucleic acids store‚ transmit‚ and help express hereditary information a) The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
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starts. This was the procudure that Chambone used to show that RNA polymerase 2 keys on the position of the TATA box. RNA pol
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A macromolecule can best be described as an immense molecule‚ made up of thousands of covalently bonded carbon atoms. There are four classifications of macromolecules: carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ and nucleic acids. Each classification performs specific functions that allow cells to grow and survive. Macromolecules can be either split or bonded through dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis. Dehydration synthesis occurs when water is released‚ electrons become shared‚ covalently bonding two
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